Where can I find legit info re: who the last Stuart monarch was?

[beefsteak]

There are some really sharp minds on this G-S.us forum. I'd sure
like some help re: who was the last legit House of Stuart monarch who occupied the throne of Great Britain.

I don't understand how a "Hapsburg descendant" slipped into the line and ended up with QEII sitting on the throne currently. :dunno

Any help would be appreciated, including links I could study which would shorten my search and lengthen my understanding.

MANY THANKS!

beefsteak

[Glass]

This wiki covers Charles I who was executed by Cromwell. It is an overview and there is plenty more to the story and the machinations of how the plot to execute the King was created and by who and for what.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England

Also take a look at the UK statute database. Take a look at the Act of Settlement 1701 or 1701 Settlement Act? This was the employment contract for the current line of constitutional royalty. There is a difference between absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy.

What I am not sure about is what happend to Charles I 's son who took the throne in about 1660. I don't know what happened to this guy or who ever it was who was last in the hot seat just before 1701. I thnk it was Queen Victoria who took the role as a result of the 1701 Settlement Act.

[Horn]

You could try dropin her a line yourself...


Due to the sheer number of people who wish to contact the Royal Family, correspondence is only possible via letter.

http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/HowtocontactamemberofTheRoyalFamily/Overview.aspx

[Horn]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5SapoEfmng

[Bigjon]

http://gold-silver.us/forum/politics/revolution-how-the-jews-stole-britain/msg55105/#msg55105

How the Jews stole Britain

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quote:
regardless of how many times they were expelled, there always remained the Jewish underground from
which the revolutionary activities of the Secret Powers were conducted.
Because King Edward I of England had been the first to expel the Jews, the Jewish Money-
Barons in France, Holland, and Germany decided it would be poetic justice if they tried out
their planned revolutionary technique in England first.

How and When did we hand over the keys of our country to the Jews? Read on....


Quote:
When King Charles I was brought into disagreement with his Parliament a Jewish Money-Baron
in Holland, named Manasseh Ben Israel, had his agents contact Oliver Cromwell. They offered
him large sums of money if he would carry out their plan to overthrow the British Throne.
Manasseh Ben Israel, and other German and French moneylenders financed Cromwell.

Fernandez Carvajal of Portugal, often referred to in history as The Great Jew, became
Cromwell’s Chief Military Contractor. He re-organized the Round Heads into a model army.
He provided them with the best arms and equipment money could buy. Once the conspiracy
was under way, hundreds of trained revolutionaries were smuggled into England and were

[Saul Mine]

I know nothing about the Stuart line, but I did find this:

Q. What is the UK? Is it the same as Britain, Great Britain or
England?

DISCLAIMER: This description is confined to legal and other factual issues which seem to be capable of "correct" answers. It does not deal with psychological questions about "Englishness", "Britishness" etc., nor with issues of race. The question of whether there is an English or a British race (or both) and if so how this should be defined is IMO just not a sensible question.

The main source for most of the following is De Smith's "Constitutional and Administrative Law"

Preliminary: States and Nations

The British Isles are divided between two countries which are independent states in international law, namely 1) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and 2) the Republic of Ireland. The United Kingdom is a unitary not a federal state. Unlike the states of the USA or Germany the subordinate jurisdictions of the UK (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) do not have legislatures with their own areas of _exclusive_ jurisdiction. The primary principle of our constitutional law is that the UK Parliament can do anything.

England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland have all been regarded for centuries as nations, and are still correctly referred to as such. This has nothing to do with legal status.

Concentric Circles

If, like me, you live in England, you are part of a number of different entities of increasing size, as follows -

1. England
2. England and Wales
3. Great Britain
4. The United Kingdom
5. The United Kingdom and Islands
6. The British Isles
7. The Common Travel Area
8. The European Territories of the United Kingdom
9. The European Union
10. The United Kingdom and Colonies
11. The Commonwealth

1. England

There is surprisingly little to say about England, except that it contains about 80% of the population of the UK and hence is overwhelmingly dominant in relation to all UK-wide political issues. It is an important administrative unit, and many UK government departments (such as the Ministry of Agriculture and the Department of Health) have jurisdiction only in England.

2. England and Wales

This unit, which doesn't even have its own name, is extremely important, because it defines the jurisdiction of the English courts, usually just called "the jurisdiction" in legal terminology. It is the area of application of English law (which strictly should be called the law of England and Wales, but rarely is). There is no such thing as British or United Kingdom law, because there are no British or United Kingdom courts. Many statutes apply to the whole of the UK, but courts in Scotland or Northern Ireland may (and frequently do) interpret them differently from the English courts. This is why the Lockerbie trial is taking place in a Scottish court. Many administrative bodies have jurisdiction over England and Wales.

3. Great Britain

This is a both a geographical term referring to the island on which the greater parts of England, Wales and Scotland are situated, and a legal one referring to those three territories considered together. The island of Rockall, several hundred miles out in the Atlantic, is legally part of Scotland, although actually closer to Ireland. Some, though not many, administrative bodies have jurisdiction over Great Britain.

4. The United Kingdom

Great Britain and Northern Ireland together make up the United Kingdom, hence the full name. I suspect that the UK is probably the only country in the world whose average inhabitant has no idea what its legal name actually is. This defines the area represented in the UK Parliament and for which that Parliament normally makes laws. It is also a citizenship unit (although only since 1981). It does _not_ define the area for which the UK government is responsible in international law - see below.

5. The United Kingdom and Islands

This includes a further three jurisdictions which have never been part of England, Wales, Scotland or Ireland and are not part of the UK but over which the Queen is sovereign and for which the UK government is internationally responsible. They are the Isle of Man, in the Irish Sea between England, Scotland and Ireland, and the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey, which are the two parts of the Channel Islands, off the coast of France, and were part of the Duchy of Normandy before William I conquered England. They have their own citizenship, representative institutions and laws (offshore banking and stamps looming large as in many small territories).

6. The British Isles

Another geographical term referring to the whole group of islands adjoining Great Britain, including Ireland. Politically it includes the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and the Isle of Man, but not the Channel Islands. Irish people may detect political implications in this term, and it tends to be avoided, although there is no obvious alternative. The term used in connection with the Northern Irish peace process is just "the Isles", which could be anywhere. The term "British Islands" was once used but seems to be obsolete. One obvious alternative "Great Britain and Ireland" is also avoided because it used to be part of the title of the British monarch.

7. The Common Travel Area

This is the area from which people can enter UK ports without being subject to routine immigration control. Same as the previous, but includes the Channel Islands. Immigration control has never been applied to Republic of Ireland citizens. Irish citizens have always been entitled to vote if resident in the UK and in general are not treated as aliens, although the Republic only recently, as part of the peace process, extended the same treatment to UK citizens.

8. The European Territories of the United Kingdom

This means the United Kingdom and Islands, plus Gibraltar, which is a British Colony with its own citizenship. Citizens of all parts of this area are UK Nationals in European Union law.

*Outstanding Question

Does this also apply to residents of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in Cyprus? _Are_ there any residents of those areas apart from UK service personnel?

9. The European Union

The UK and Republic of Ireland are among the 15 members of the EU, which is an international organisation, not a state, although it has its own law, which is directly applicable in all member states through their own courts. EU citizens have the right to settle in any member state and in the UK can vote in local but not national elections.

10. The United Kingdom and Colonies

This is the total area for which the UK government has international responsibility. The remaining colonies (none of which has a population of more than 10,000) are mainly in the Caribbean and Pacific.

11. The Commonwealth

An international organisation most, though not all, of whose members were once British colonies. A minority of Commonwealth countries (such as Canada) have Queen Elizabeth II as their Head of State, although most are republics. Commonwealth citizens are not aliens in the UK, and can vote, although they are now subject to the same immigration controls as aliens. The Republic of Ireland is not a member of the Commonwealth.

NOTE: "British" and "Britain"

Like the USA, the UK suffers from having no convenient adjective to describe the country or its people. The best thing that can be said for "British" is that it is not quite as misleading as "American", but it is nevertheless the established term for "relating to the UK". So "British citizen" is correct. This causes endless confusion and a fair amount of ill-will when applied to the people of Northern Ireland. They are British citizens, and so "British" in that sense (although they can also be citizens of the Republic of Ireland if they wish, as many do). They are not from Great Britain, so they are not "British" in that sense (i.e. as distinct from Irish).

The term "British subject" is obsolete. It used to mean anyone who owed allegiance to the British sovereign, and therefore included citizens of independent commonwealth countries as well as the UK. The modern equivalent is "commonwealth citizen". There was no separate UK citizenship until 1948 when the term "citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies" was used. Since 1981 it has been "British citizen" (the first use of the term "British" in this context). "UK national" is a technical term of EU law with a slightly different meaning (see 8.
above).

So what about "Britain"? This is not a term with any legal meaning, but if you ask the English person in the street what country they live in surveys show that more will answer "Britain" than anything else. So it should probably be taken as a back-formation from "British" hence meaning "United Kingdom".

NOTE: SPORT

Most people probably encounter foreign countries through their sports teams more often than in any other way. We create even greater confusion here, since practice varies between different sports. In most older sports (e.g. rugby) there are teams representing the historic nations of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. In others (e.g. soccer) there are separate teams for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. There may also be teams representing the whole of the British Isles (rugby again). It is only in the Olympic Games, where participation is strictly on the basis of nationality, and in sports focussed on the Olympics, such as track and field athletics, that a UK or "British" team is likely to feature. As a final curiosity, our leading cricket team, although always called "England", actually represents England and Wales. Scotland and Ireland have their own teams.

Don Aitken

[beefsteak]

Thanks to one and all. Looks like I'll be busy for a spell.

I'll be checking back via the "replies to my posts" forum URL to read and pursue any new contributions.

Off to read and study one and all!

beefsteak

[Glass]

I just wanted to correct my info on the Act of Settlement. It was in 1700 not 1701.

link (http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/legResults.aspx?LegType=Act+(Old+English+Parliamen t)&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&activeTextDocId=1565208)