Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)

[Cebu_4_2]

Military has no constitution.

http://usmilitary.about.com/od/justicelawlegislation/l/blucmj.htm

The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is a federal law, enacted by Congress. Its provisions are contained in United States Code, Title 10, Chapter 47 (http://usmilitary.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/10/stApIIch47.html). Article 36 of the UCMJ allows the President to prescribe rules and procedures to implement the provisions of the UCMJ. The President does this via the Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM) (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blmcm.htm) which is an executive order that contains detailed instructions for implementing military law for the United States Armed Forces.
Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice
Sub Chapter 1. General Provisions

Article 1. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-1.htm) Definitions
Article 2. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-2.htm) Persons Subject to this chapter.
Article 3. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-3.htm) Jurisdiction to try certain personnel.
Article 4. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-4.htm) Dismissed officer's right to trial by court-martial.
Article 5. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-5.htm) Territorial applicability of this chapter.
Article 6. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-6.htm) Judge advocates and legal officers.
Article 6a. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-6a.htm) Investigation and disposition of maters pertaining to the fitness of military judges.
Sub Chapter II. Apprehension and Restraint

Article 7. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-7.htm) Apprehension.
Article 8. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-8.htm) Apprehension of deserters.
Article 9. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-9.htm) Imposition of Restraint.
Article 10. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-10.htm) Restraint of persons charged with offenses.
Article 11. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-11.htm) Reports and receiving of prisoners.
Article 12. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-12.htm) Confinement with enemy prisoners prohibited.
Article 13. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-13.htm) Punishment prohibited before trial.
Article 14. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-14.htm) Delivery of offenders to civil authorities.
Sub Chapter III. Non-Judicial Punishment

Article 15. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-15.htm) Non-Judicial Punishment
Sub Chapter IV. Court-Martial Jurisdiction

Article 16. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-16.htm) Courts-Martial classified.
Article 17. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-17.htm) Jurisdiction of courts-martial in general.
Article 18. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-18.htm) Jurisdiction of general courts-martial.
Article 19. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-19.htm) Jurisdiction of special courts-martial.
Article 20. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-20.htm) Jurisdiction of summary courts-martial.
Article 21. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-21.htm) Jurisdiction of courts-martial not exclusive.
Sub Chapter V. Composition Of Courts-Martial

Article 22. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-22.htm) Who may convene general courts-martial.
Article 23. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-23.htm) Who may convene special courts-martial.
Article 24. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-24.htm) Who may convene summary courts-martial.
Article 25. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-25.htm) Who may serve on courts-martial.
Article 26. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-26.htm) Military judge of a general or special court-martial.
Article 27. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-27.htm) Detail of trial counsel and defense counsel.
Article 28. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-28.htm) Detail or employment of reporters and interpreters.
Article 29. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-29.htm) Absent and additional members.
Sub Chapter VI. Pre-Trial Procedure

Article 30. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-30.htm) Charges and specifications.
Article 31. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-31.htm) Compulsory self-incrimination prohibited.
Article 32. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-32.htm) Investigation.
Article 33. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-33.htm) Forwarding of charges.
Article 34. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-34.htm) Advice of staff judge advocate and reference for trial.
Article 35. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-35.htm) Service of charges.
Sub Chapter VII. Trial Procedure

Article 36. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-36.htm) President may prescribe rules.
Article 37. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-37.htm) Unlawful influencing the action of the court.
Article 38. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-38.htm) Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel.
Article 39. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-39.htm) Sessions.
Article 40. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-40.htm) Continuances.
Article 41. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-41.htm) Challenges.
Article 42. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-42.htm) Oaths.
Article 43. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-43.htm) Statute of limitations.
Article 44. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-44.htm) Former jeopardy.
Article 45. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-45.htm) Pleas of the accused.
Article 46. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-46.htm) Opportunity to obtain witnesses and other evidence.
Article 47. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-47.htm) Refusal to appear or testify.
Article 48. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-48.htm) Contempts.
Article 49. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-49.htm) Depositions.
Article 50. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-50.htm) Admissibility of records of courts of inquiry.
Article 50a (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-50a.htm). Defense lack of mental responsibility.
Article 51. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-51.htm) Voting and rulings.
Article 52. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-52.htm) Number of votes required.
Article 53. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-53.htm) Court to announce action.
Article 54. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-54.htm) Record of trial.
Sub Chapter VIII. Sentences

Article 55. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-55.htm) Cruel and unusual punishments prohibited.
Article 56. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-56.htm) Maximum limits.
Article 57. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-57.htm) Effective date of sentences.
Article 58. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-58.htm) Execution of confinement.
Article 58a. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-58a.htm) Sentences: reduction in enlisted grade upon approval.
Sub Chapter IX. Post-Trial Procedure And Review Of Courts-Martial

Article 59. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-59.htm) Error of law; lesser included offense.
Article 60. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-60.htm) Action by the convening authority.
Article 61. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-61.htm) Waiver or withdrawal of appeal.
Article 62. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-62.htm) Appeal by the United States.
Article 63. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-63.htm) Rehearings.
Article 64. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-64.htm) Review by a judge advocate.
Article 65. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-65.htm) Disposition of records.
Article 66. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-66.htm) Review by Court of Military Review.
Article 67. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-67.htm) Review by the Court of Military Appeals.
Article 67a (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-67a.htm). Review by the Supreme Court.
Article 68. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-68.htm) Branch offices.
Article 69. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-69.htm) Review in the office of the Judge Advocate General.
Article 70. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-70.htm) Appellate counsel.
Article 71. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-71.htm) Execution of sentence; suspension of sentence.
Article 72. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-72.htm) Vacation of suspension.
Article 73. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-73.htm) Petition for a new trial.
Article 74. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-74.htm) Remission and suspension.
Article 75. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-75.htm) Restoration.
Article 76. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-76.htm) Finality of proceedings, findings, and sentences.
Article 76a. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-76a.htm) Leave required to be taken pending review of certain court-martial convictions.
Sub Chapter X. Punitive Articles

Article 77. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-77.htm) Principals.
Article 78. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-78.htm) Accessory after the fact.
Article 79. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-79.htm) Conviction of lesser included offense.
Article 80. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-80.htm) Attempts.
Article 81. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-81.htm) Conspiracy.
Article 82. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-82.htm) Solicitation.
Article 83. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-83.htm) Fraudulent enlistment, appointment, or separation.
Article 84. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-84.htm) Unlawful enlistment, appointment, or separation.
Article 85. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-85.htm) Desertion.
Article 86. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-86.htm) Absence without leave.
Article 87. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-87.htm) Missing movement.
Article 88. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-88.htm) Contempt toward officials.
Article 89. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-89.htm) Disrespect toward superior commissioned officer.
Article 90. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-90.htm) Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer.
Article 91. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-91.htm) Insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer.
Article 92. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-92.htm) Failure to obey order or regulation.
Article 93. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-93.htm) Cruelty and maltreatment.
Article 94. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-94.htm) Mutiny or sedition.
Article 95. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-95.htm) Resistance, breach of arrest, and escape.
Article 96. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-96.htm) Releasing prisoner without proper authority.
Article 97. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-97.htm) Unlawful detention.
Article 98. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-98.htm) Noncompliance with procedural rules.
Article 99. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-99.htm) Misbehavior before the enemy.
Article 100. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-100.htm) Subordinate compelling surrender.
Article 101. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-101.htm) Improper use of countersign.
Article 102. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-102.htm) Forcing a safeguard.
Article 103. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-103.htm) Capture or abandoned property.
Article 104. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-104.htm) Aiding the enemy.
Article 105. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-105.htm) Misconduct as prisoner.
Article 106. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-106.htm) Spies.
Article 106a. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-106a.htm) Espionage
Article 107. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-107.htm) False official statements.
Article 108. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-108.htm) Military property of United States-- Loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition.
Article 109. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-109.htm) Property other than military property of the United States-- Waste, spoilage, or destruction.
Article 110. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-110.htm) Improper hazarding of vessel.
Article 111. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-111.htm) Drunken or reckless driving.
Article 112. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-112.htm) Drunk on duty.
Article 112a. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-112a.htm) Wrongful use, possession, etc., of controlled substances.
Article 113. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-113.htm) Misbehavior of sentinel.
Article 114. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-114.htm) Dueling.
Article 115. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-115.htm) Malingering.
Article 116. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-116.htm) Riot or breach of peace.
Article 117. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-117.htm) Provoking speeches or gestures.
Article 118. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-118.htm) Murder.
Article 119. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-119.htm) Manslaughter.
Article 120. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-120.htm) Rape and carnal knowledge. (Note: Effective October 1, 2007, this article is retitled, Rape, sexual assault, and other sexual misconduct.)
Article 120a. (http://usmilitary.about.com/od/justicelawlegislation/a/ucmjart120a.htm) Stalking.
Article 121. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-121.htm) Larceny and wrongful appropriation.
Article 122. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-122.htm) Robbery.
Article 123. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-123.htm) Forgery.
Article 123a. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-123a.htm) Making, drawing, or uttering check, draft, or order without sufficient funds.
Article 124. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-124.htm) Maiming.
Article 125. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-125.htm) Sodomy.
Article 126. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-126.htm) Arson.
Article 127. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-127.htm) Extortion.
Article 128. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-128.htm) Assault.
Article 129. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-129.htm) Burglary.
Article 130. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-130.htm) Housebreaking.
Article 131. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-131.htm) Perjury.
Article 132. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-132.htm) Frauds against the United States.
Article 133. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-133.htm) Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman.
Article 134. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-134.htm) General Article.
Sub Chapter XI. Miscellaneous Provisions

Article 135. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-135.htm) Courts of inquiry.
Article 136. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-136.htm) Authority to administer oaths and to act as notary.
Article 137. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-137.htm) Articles to be explained.
Article 138. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-138.htm) Complaints of wrongs.
Article 139. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-139.htm) Redress of injuries to property.
Article 140. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-140.htm) Delegation by the President.
Sub Chapter XII. Court Of Military Appeals

Article 141. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-141.htm) Status.
Article 142. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-142.htm) Judges.
Article 143. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-143.htm) Organization and employees.
Article 144. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-144.htm) Procedure.
Article 145. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-145.htm) Annuities for judges and survivors.
Article 146. (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-146.htm) Code committee.


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[Glass]

Yes the Military does not have a constitution because it has no debts or is not bankrupt of it's own account.

A constitution is a debt restructuring arrangement. A constitutor is someone who seeks to transfer a debt to another party. The US constitution allowed for the reorganization of state debt into a consolidated federal debtor aka: the US Government.

Interesting stuff though. All law is by consent. Some consent is voluntarily given and some is not.

[Twisted Titan]

ain't no justice in a judical court

and there dam sure ain't no justice in a military court

the only reason why you are tried in one as opposed to the other is because of the massive adhesion contracts you signed when you enlisted.

[palani]

the massive adhesion contracts you signed when you enlisted.

Take one step forward and raise your right hand .... actions that manifest consent. Consent to what? That would be anything construed to attach to military service.

Next came your drill instructor who instructs you never to volunteer for anything ... after which you volunteer for everything. {I need a detail of 4 to clean the latrines ... you, you, you and you ... have just volunteered.}

[Glass]

Everyone take one step forward.

[Glass]

10) In time of war, persons serving with or accompanying an armed force in the field. (IMPORTANT NOTE: EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2007, CONGRESS CHANGED THIS PROVISION TO READ: "In time of declared war or a contigency operation, persons serving with or accompanying an armed force in the field.")
(11) Subject to any treaty or agreement which the United States is or may be a party to any accepted rule of international law, persons serving with, employed by, or accompanying the armed forces outside the United States and outside the Canal Zone, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
(12) Subject to any treaty or agreement which the United States is or may be a party to any accepted rule of international law, persons within an area leased by or otherwise reserved or acquired for use of the United States which is under the control of the Secretary concerned and which is outside the United States and outside the Canal Zone, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
(b) The voluntary enlistment of any person who has the capacity to understand the significance of enlisting in the armed forces shall be valid for purposes of jurisdiction under subsection (a) and change of status from civilian to member of the armed forces shall be effective upon the taking of the oath of enlistment.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person serving with an armed force who--


(1) Submitted voluntarily to military authority;
(2) met the mental competence and minimum age qualifications of sections 504 and 505 of this title at the time of voluntary submissions to military authority:
(3) received military pay or allowances; and
(4) performed military duties:

is subject to this chapter until such person's active service has been terminated in accordance with law or regulations promulgated by the Secretary concerned.

It goes on for a bit more: Article 2 of the UCMJ (http://usmilitary.about.com/od/justicelawlegislation/a/ucmjart2.htm)

I thought point 10 was interesting because it says Declared war. What is contigency operation? Just about anything I expect. US is expanding bases in Aus soon. All such bases under USMJ.

Article 3 looks interesting. Jurisdiction. I don't understand what this means from section a) :

may be relieved from amenability to trial by court-martial by reason of the termination of that status.

[palani]

The U.S. fought WWII under Rocks and Shoals. No UCMJ at that time.