Diff between UK, G.Britain & England Explained, plus CA & AU

[PatColo]

@ Mami's: (http://grizzom.blogspot.com/)
The Difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England Explained (http://grizzom.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-difference-between-united-kingdom.html)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrObZ_HZZUc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrObZ_HZZUc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1ROpIKZe-c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1ROpIKZe-c

[Hypertiger]

"Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 – July 12, 1804) was an American politician, leading statesman, financier, intellectual, military officer, and founder of the Federalist Party. One of America's foremost constitutional lawyers, he was an influential delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention in 1787 and was the leading author of the Federalist Papers (1788), which has been the single most important interpretation of the Constitution ever since."

"He was the first and most influential Secretary of the Treasury and had much influence over the rest of the Government and the formation of policy, including foreign policy. With a vision of using federal power to modernize the nation, he convinced Congress to use an elastic interpretation of the Constitution to pass far-reaching laws. They included the creation of a national debt, federal assumption of the state debts, creation of a (Central) national bank, and a system of taxes through a tariff on imports and a tax on whiskey that would pay for it all. In foreign affairs he favored the British; he devised Jay's instructions for the treaty of 1794"

"The Bank bill (First Central bank of the USA...The Federal Reserve is the Third central bank of the USA excluding the Bank of North America during the Revolutionary war) was introduced into Congress on December 13, 1790, passed the Senate on January 20, 1791, the House on February 8, 1791, and therefore was forwarded to President Washington for his signature. It was unclear whether Washington would sign the bill into law. Powerful forces led by James Madison, Thomas Jefferson and the Attorney General, Edmund Randolph, argued to Washington that the Constitution had not granted the government the power to incorporate a Bank and therefore he should not sign the bill."

"The First (Central) Bank of the United States was needed because the government had a debt from the Revolutionary War (A crown operation), and each state had a different form of currency. It was built while Philadelphia was still the nation's capital. Alexander Hamilton conceived of the bank to handle the colossal war debt — and to create a standard form of currency."

"The First Bank's charter was drafted in 1791 by the Congress and signed by George Washington"

"This was a private Bank of which there were 25,000 shares issued of which 18,000 were held by those in England. The Bank loaned the United States money in exchange for Securities of the United States.

"Now the creditors of the United States which included the King wanted paid the Interest on the loans that were given to the United States. So Alexander Hamilton came up with the great idea of taxing alcohol. The people resisted so George Washington sent out the militia to collect the tax which they did. This has become known as the Whiskey rebellion."

Alexander Hamilton's business career began in 1768 when he became a clerk in the counting house of Nicholas Cruger. Cruger took a trip off-island in 1771-1772, leaving young Hamilton (16 years old) in charge of business affairs for six months. He displayed a remarkable flair for business and leadership skills that involved dealing with senior ship captains and businessmen on an equal basis.

In 1773, Hamilton attended a college-preparatory program with Francis Barber in Elizabeth, New Jersey; he was admitted to Princeton in rural New Jersey but instead attended King's College (later renamed Columbia College) in New York City

The institution was established in 1754 as King's College and is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the United States. During the early years of its history, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Gouverneur Morris, and Robert Livingston studied at King's.

"Controversy surrounded the founding of the new college in New York, as it was a thoroughly Anglican institution dominated by the influence of Crown officials, such as the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Crown Secretary for Plantations and Colonies, in its governing body. The fears of an Anglican episcopacy and Crown influence in America through King's College were confirmed by its vast wealth, far surpassing all other colonial colleges of the period."

It's Columbia now...

"After the Revolutionary war, he served as a member of the Congress of the Confederation (from 1782 to 1783), and then retired to open his own law office in New York City. He specialized in defending Tories and British subjects, as in Rutgers v. Waddington, in which he largely defeated a claim for damages done to a brewery by the Englishmen who occupied it during the occupation of New York; pleading that the Mayor's Court should interpret state law to be consistent with the peace treaty (Paris Treaty of 1783 signed after the Revolutionary war).

"In 1784, he founded the Bank of New York, now the oldest ongoing banking organization in the United States, and was also instrumental, along with John Jay, in the revitalization of King's College, which had been severely crippled by the war and discredited for its Tory affiliations"

"On the advice of financier Robert Morris President George Washington appointed Hamilton as the first Secretary of the Treasury. Hamilton served in the Treasury Department from September 11, 1789, until January 31, 1795. It is for his tenure as Treasury secretary, as well as his contributions to the Federalist Papers, that Hamilton is considered one of America's greatest early statesmen. He was in many ways Washington's most trusted advisor, handling critical domestic and foreign policies, and writing drafts of important messages such as Washington's Farewell Address in 1796. In 1794 he designed a "bold initiative", the Jay Treaty that "ushered in a new era of prosperity for Anglo-American trade," and resolved left-over issues from the Revolution. He fought Jefferson and Madison in the matter--they favored France--thus setting up foreign policy as a major dispute between the parties."

"Hamilton's term was marked by innovation, planning and masterful reports. In office for barely a month, he proposed the creation of a seagoing branch of the military to discourage smuggling and enhance tax collections. The following summer, Congress authorized a Revenue Marine force of ten cutters, the precursor to the United States Coast Guard. He also played a crucial role in creating the United States Navy (the Naval Act of 1794). Hamilton's perceptive and creative mind, coupled with a driving ambition to set his ideas in motion, resulted in many proposals to Congress. His proposals included a plan for tariffs and excise taxes (on whiskey especially) for raising revenue, and funding the Revolutionary War debt including debts owed by the states. He developed the plans for the First Bank of the United States and secured its adoption by Congress."

"Robert Morris, Jr. (January 31, 1734 - May 8, 1806) was an American merchant and a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. Morris was known as the Financier of the Revolution, because of his role in securing financial assistance for the American Colonial side in the Revolutionary War."

"At age 16 Morris was already apprenticed to the shipping and banking firm of the wealthy Philadelphia merchant (later mayor) Charles Willing. After Willing's death four years later, the 20-year-old Morris became the partner of Charles's son, Thomas Willing."

"In a unanimous vote, Congress appointed Morris to be Superintendent of Finance of the United States from 1781 to 1784. When Morris began this post the US was in a crisis. The British controlled the coast line from the sea, two major cities, and the western frontier. The treasury was in debt by $2.5 million and public credit had collapsed. Congress resultantly gave Mr. Morris great power and allowed him to continue his profitable private endeavors while serving in a related public office."

"Three days after becoming Superintendent of Finance Morris proposed the establishment of a national bank. This led to the creation of the first financial institution chartered by the United States, the (Central) Bank of North America, in 1782. The bank was funded in part by a significant loan Morris had obtained from France in 1781. The initial role of the bank was to finance the war against Britain."

During his tenure as Superintendent, Morris was assisted by his friend and assistant Gouverneur Morris. He proposed a national economic system in a document called "On Public Credit". This acted as the basis for Hamilton's plan of the same name submitted much later.

On January 15, 1782 Morris drafted a proposal that he later presented to the Continental Congress to recommend the establishment of a national mint and decimal coinage. However, the United States Mint was not established until 1792, after further proposals by Hamilton.

Along with Alexander Hamilton and Albert Gallatin, Morris is considered one of the key founders of the financial system in the United States.

Thomas Willing (December 19, 1731 - January 19, 1821) was an American merchant and financier and a Delegate to the Continental Congress from Pennsylvania.

Born in Philadelphia, Willing completed preparatory studies in Bath, England. He studied law in London at the Inner Temple (The City of London, the Crown, Where the Bank of England is)

City of London The New World Financial system

"The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London, England, which may call members to the Bar [Rumor that "BAR" is code for British Accredited Registry] and so entitle them to practise as barristers. [The other Inns are Middle Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn.]"

"The Temple was occupied in the twelfth century by the Knights Templar, who gave the area its name, and built the Temple Church which survives as the parish church of the Inner Temple and Middle Temple"

The City of London is now London's main financial district. It is often referred to as just the City or as the Square Mile, as it is approximately one square mile (2.6 square kilometres) in area The City itself has two independent enclaves within it — Inner Temple and Middle Temple. These two areas form part of the City and Ceremonial county, but are not governed by the Corporation of London. The Corporation governs the rest of the City and also owns various open spaces (parks, forests and commons) in and around London.

The City developed its own code of law for the mercantile classes, developing such autonomy that Sir Laurence Gomme regarded the City as a separate Kingdom making its own laws. The Lord Mayor of the City is supreme...

Its Latin motto is "Domine dirige nos" which means "Lord, direct us".

Thomas Willing As a member of the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776, he voted against the Declaration of Independence.

Later, he became president of the (Central) Bank of North America and then the first president of the (First Central) Bank of the United States 1791 to 1811.

"The Bank of North America was chartered in 1781 by the Continental Congress and opened on January 7, 1782, at the prodding of Finance Minister Robert Morris, and was rechartered in 1784. This was thus the first modern (Central) United States bank. It was succeeded by the First Bank of the United States. After Robert Morris became superintendent of finance in May 1781 continental currency had ceased."

Meanwhile, Hamilton made public endorsement of the establishment:

"Congress have wisely appointed a superintendent of their finances,—a man of acknowledged abilities and integrity, as well as of great personal credit and pecuniary influence.

"It was impossible that the business of finance could be ably conducted by a body of men however well composed or well intentioned. Order in the future management of our moneyed concerns, a strict regard to the performance of public engagements, and of course the restoration of public credit may be reasonably and confidently expected from Mr. Morris' administration if he is furnished with materials upon which to operate—that is, if the Federal Government can acquire funds as the basis of his arrangements. He has very judiciously proposed a (Central bank) National Bank, which, by uniting the influence and interest of the moneyed men with the resources of government, can alone give it that durable and extensive credit of which it stands in need. This is the best expedient he could have devised for relieving the public embarrassments, but to give success to the plan it is essential that Congress should have it in their power to support him with unexceptionable funds. Had we begun the practice of funding four years ago, we should have avoided that depreciation of the currency which has been pernicious to the morals and to the credit of the nation, and there is no other method than this to prevent a continuance and multiplication of the evils flowing from that prolific source."

- 'The Continentalist' No. IV, August 30, 1781

Morris deposited large quantities of gold and silver coin and bills of exchange obtained through loans from the Netherlands and France. He then issued new paper currency backed by this supply. He also managed to meet the interest rates on the debt which he estimated to be about thirty million dollars. (Thats about 20 million ouces of silver) First Bank of The United States and The Bank of New York obtained the first shares in the New York Stock Exchange.

The First bank of the USA was located for a brief time in Carpenters' Hall... The First Congress of the United Colonies of North America—the First Continental Congress—met from September through October of 1774 there as well.

"The Hall has been owned and operated by the Carpenters' Company of Philadelphia since 1770. This organization, embodying the legacy of the European medieval guild system, was founded in 1724 and remains the oldest extant trade guild in the United States."

“Be cautious in your words and carriage, that the most penetrating stranger shall not be able to discover or find out what is not proper intimated; and sometimes you shall divert a discourse, and manage it prudently for the honour of the worshipful fraternity.”

[PatColo]

Some TX weisenheimer posted this poll-thread at another forum, international & followed mostly by english speaking expats from US/CA/UK/AU/NZ. I'd link to it, but it's in a hidden 'members-with-100+-posts-only' part of the forum. Shame, coz it's got 284 replies in just over a week now, mostly as hilarious as the OP, which I'll post here for comic relief:



What's it like to be a Brittle?
posted by: Texpat

Poll Options Which response best describes you?



I secretly love the sound of Harley Davidsons.
Weakness is strength, hear me roar! *meow*
Our Royals are macho. Purrfect roll models.
I pop into Burger King when I'm sure nobody's watching.
I'm staying in bed today. Can't bear being a Brittle.



Knowing you were born in the American era, and will die in the American era. I was just wondering how you deal with the daily pain and humiliation. Is the constant reminder of America's global hegemony a sharp, piercing pain upon each individual realization, or a constant digging, throbbing pain?

Furthermore, how do you deal with it on a daily basis? Do you vociferously vow to boycott all American products and services because they make you feel small and inadequate? Or do you piss and moan endlessly on anonymous Internet forums about the world's preeminent military, economic, technology and education leader -- past, present and future.

Do you favor a centuries-old book about past Brittle conquests in some third-world cesspit over a current HD television program featuring a handsome American astronaut commanding the International Space Station? Do you have to remind yourself daily, sometimes hourly, that even though Britain is a small, foul, insignificant speck in the cold, miserable North Sea, it's still SHIT. http://teakdoor.com/images/smilies/icon_poo.gif

[mick silver]

Born in Philadelphia, Willing completed preparatory studies in Bath, England. He studied law in London at the Inner Temple (The City of London, the Crown, Where the Bank of England is)

City of London The New World Financial system