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Thread: Coronavirus

  1. #1981
    Iridium Dachsie's Avatar
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    Re: Coronavirus

    [QUOTE=Dachsie;983239]


    Clear explanation of gain of function.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djkYNN-wuvQ



    $3.1M for Bat Coronavirus Research in Wuhan Virology Lab: Newly Released Docs | Facts Matter

    21:08 video runtime

    SNIP"

    ___________________________________

    Dachsie found another report on this story about Wuhan and Fauchi and proof now that USA taxpayer dollars were used to fund this kind of gain-of-function bioweapon research."

    here at The Hill

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UlI...?v=-UlIz7tVG5o


    NEW Docs Provide Damning Evidence Dr. Fauci, NIH FUNDED Wuhan Covid Research With TAXPAYER Dollars
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    Ryan Grim, Kim Iversen, and Robby Soave react to newly revealed documents that show the NIH funded risky bat coronavirus research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology from 2015 to 2019. About Rising: Rising is a weekday morning show with bipartisan hosts that breaks the mold of morning TV by taking viewers inside the halls of Washington power like never before. The show leans into the day's political cycle with cutting edge analysis from DC insiders who can predict what is going to happen. It also sets the day's political agenda by breaking exclusive news with a team of scoop-driven reporters and demanding answers during interviews with the country's most important political newsmakers. Follow Rising on social media: Website: Hill.TV Facebook: facebook.com/HillTVLive/ Instagram: @HillTVLive Twitter: @HillTVLive


    So far,

    Foix News - Brian Kilmeade,
    The Epoch Times - Facts Matter with Roman Balmakov
    and The Hill
    almost forgot Sky News Australia
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tmYPjvna8Y
    and Fox News again in this virtue signalling piece...
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eD6nRiPDtAE


    _______________________

    I see a common denominator in the two ostensibly conservative outlets and The Hill which I think is basically ostensibly "liberal" but "fair and balanced" in their reporting.

    The common denominator is none of them are giving anywhere near truthful reporting regarding the "pandemic" and "the virus" and the "vaccine." All of these news outlets basically accept the official narrative of the "pandemic."

    This is a story that the rulers of our country's demise apparently want to be used for all its worth and widely reported on in all factions of the "mainstream" media. I found several other outlets reporting this story so that is what I see.

    _____________________

    I conclude that this story of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, now proven Fauci using taxpayer dollars to fund it, and the "virus" that is said to be killing and causing so much serious illness to so many people and threatening the entire world population is clearly a distraction and deflection story that takes the public's attention and focuses it on a story that is somewhat based in factual data and seems to show that all sides of the political spectrum of the media really care about dangerous viruses created in dangerous laboratories and that Fauchi lied and misappropriated taxpayer dollars to China. This story is a gift that will keep on giving to all sides, except the side of truth for the common good of the people about the evil plandemic designed to bring in a one world death and slavery system for all.

    (The worst thing that could happen to Fauci is that he receives bi-partisan pressure and resigns for lying to congress. He will not go to prison where he belongs.
    The evil research done in the Wuhan lab was not against any law on the USA books, so no scientists or doctors and BigPharma thugs will ever be prosecuted for anything about this. They'll all get off scott-free and this story will work beautifully to keep the people in a fog while their country is destroyed forever by communuist satan worsippers.)


    Dr. David Martin, pattent expert, said on record that while there was some kind of regulatory official "pause" on USA involvement with gain-of-function research, there never was a specific law, and that research has been going on since the 1990s.. That speech was posted in this thread. Gain of function research to create synthetic bioweapon viruses that will be accepted into the human body is all that that Wuhan laboratory does so the USA should not have been having dealings with them at all but there was no law that prohibited it. But there were years of Canadian and USA scientists in collaboration with that female Dr. Li who headed that Wuhan lab. Dr. Li even spent time working in a Canadian lab and USA scientists had many professional interchanges with Dr. Li.

    We will never have proof or verification that a Wuhan virus was actually released on or escaped from a Wuhan lab for this "pandemic" because Chinese communist entities never tell the truth about anything and neither do some USA scientists and bureaucrats on this matter.


    ___

    Dachsie made several edits to this posting to make it more clear.

  2. #1982
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    Re: Coronavirus


    "When will people wake up?": Funeral director blows the whistle on last year's FAKE "pandemic," and this year's REAL plague of "vaccine" deaths, all called "Delta" cases (MUST-SEE/SHARE)

    There was no "pandemic" last year, but there IS a REAL pandemic NOW—of fatal "vaccine" injuries called "Delta" cases.


    These are my rough notes, taken as I watched this searing video.
    > The number of "COVID deaths" was systematically inflated throughout 2020, by calling deaths by cancer, heart attack, car accident, etc. all "deaths by COVID." There was no unusual spike in deaths.
    > BBC deliberately staged fear-propaganda.
    > Elderly in care homes euthanized with Midazolam.
    > Death rate SOARED with the rollout of the "vaccination" drive, now including all ages. "I've never seen anything like it.... It was just awful."
    Lasted through April; then months of the "quietest" period he'd ever seen—followed by another surge of deaths "of all kinds," among all ages. ALL "fully vaccinated."
    > BBC et al. won't talk to him
    > "Delta variant" is widely regarded in the NHS as a "vaccine" . injury, deliberately misreported as COVID.
    > They're jabbing children, inventing new "variants" to keep everyone afraid; and children will be dying from the shots, but they'll all be misreported as due to those new "variants."
    > Funeral directors with integrity are frightened. knowing that they will be silenced if they dare speak out
    > This is a depopulation drive, carried out by killing people outright, and by sterilizing children.
    > Despite the shattering of the economy, the state has built massive new prison complexes, large enough to hold 30,000 people. They include crematoria and mortuaries.

    https://odysee.com/@thecrowhouse:2/MUST-WATCH-Funeral-Directer-John-O'Looney-Blows-the-Whistle-on-Covid:9

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  4. #1983
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    Re: Coronavirus

    A little more than a year ago David Tulis in Sody Daisy, Hamilton County Tennessee began gathering evidence that the Governor and the Public Heath Director were not following Tennessee law in declaring and enforcing a state of emergency.

    Anyone interested in following his case through the local chancery court can read his postings beginning with this https://tntrafficticket.us/2020/08/l...nomy-lockdown/ in his hard to follow blog.

    https://tntrafficticket.us/2020/09/agency-has-no-proof-tonit-obeyed-health-law-in-tn-health-emergency/

    Tulis’ Affidavit for injury
    https://tntrafficticket.us/2020/10/v...ffidavit-says/

    He prepared and filed a complaint and petition for writ of mandamus and was met with opposition from not only the attorneys from the state but the chancery judge herself.

    https://tntrafficticket.us/wp-conten...9-chancery.pdf

    now after all the shenanigans in the chancery court and 4 dismissals he has filed an appeal in the Supreme Court

    https://tntrafficticket.us/2021/09/r...st-on-website/

    https://tntrafficticket.us/wp-conten...rief-Filed.pdf
    The only thing declared necessary in the Constitution & Bill of Rights is the #2A Militia of the several States.
    “A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a freeState”
    https://ConstitutionalMilitia.org


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  6. #1984
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    Re: Coronavirus

    Dr. Ardis: The Medical Industry Is Responsible For ‘Covid’ Deaths, Not Virus

    https://www.bitchute.com/video/Chf8zg6Fl1fS/

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  8. #1985
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    Re: Coronavirus

    FORMER FEDERAL GOV. OF CANADA MEMBER EXPOSES - HE WAS INFORMED OF PLANDEMIC IN 2018 TO HIT IN JAN 2020

    https://www.bitchute.com/video/e8pl4uhhfbOt/
    Tricks and treachery are the practice of fools, that don't have brains enough to be honest. -Benjamin Franklin
    Sincerity makes the very least person to be of more value than the most talented hypocrite. -Charles Spurgeon

  9. #1986
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    Re: Coronavirus

    “The Vaccine Death Report” by David John Sorensen and Dr. Vladimir Zelenko.

    39 pages

    PDF versions here.

    https://www.scribd.com/document/5260...e-Death-Report

    https://www.australiannationalreview...ort-200921.pdf

  10. #1987
    Iridium mamboni's Avatar
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    Re: Coronavirus

    This interview is a must watch. The vaxxes are 85% placebo 15% toxins so the deaths are not too obvious. Also the toxin dosages are varied so some die immediately, others die later and others develop illnesses of varying severity and symptomatology. The placebo recipients feel fine because there is no Covid pandemic - it is a psyop. These people become the vaxx supporters and unknowingly support the genocide narrative. Because the future boosters will contain more of the toxins, guaranteeing eventual deaths of the willing recipients. And boosters will be administered indefinitely! This vaxx program is pure evil genius - it will likely kill billions. Gates, Schwab et al. have done their homework:

    FUNERAL DIRECTOR: MASS VACCINE DEATHS, CHILD DANGER, COVID CAMPS, GENOCIDE PLANNED BY STEW PETERS

    https://www.bitchute.com/video/0zy7obvtu3s9/
    Tricks and treachery are the practice of fools, that don't have brains enough to be honest. -Benjamin Franklin
    Sincerity makes the very least person to be of more value than the most talented hypocrite. -Charles Spurgeon

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  12. #1988
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    Re: Coronavirus

    The Viganò Tapes #8: “Protect the Children”


    The Viganò Tapes #8: “Protect the Children”

    Sep 18, 2021



    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyKE-k6SFPw&list=PLTf9Y_NQ1tAwMNvjPXFFE5jV9mlU3qbQe&ind ex=7

    6:31 video runtime

    Transcript of Cardinal Vigano Tape Number 8

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyKE...U3qbQe&index=7

    In the civil sphere there is need to reject any cooperation with the current pandemic narrative and with the climate emergency that may soon replace it, disregarding regulations that are illegitimate that expose citizens to concrete risk for their health is morally lawful in certain circumstances is even a duty.
    In no way can one jeopardize one’s life or health or that of one’s children and not even in the face of the threat of retaliation.
    For in that case our participation would make us guilty before God and deserving of His punishment.
    In no way, can we accept the administration of experimental gene serums in the course of whose production children have been killed in the third month of pregnancy. Their blood will fall on those who produce them as well as well as those who imposed them and those who receive them.
    In no case should it be tolerated that a pseudo-pandemic whose victims are fewer in number than the victim of the supposed vaccines because an alibi for imposing control and limitation on natural freedom and civil rights, and if the media is a slave to power and as accomplices of this conspiracy censors every dissenting voice.
    This should persuade us that the dystopian society described by George Orwell is now being realized for following a massive script under a single direction.
    I denounced it in my Appeal last year. No one who reads this can accuse me of having sounded unjustified alarms.
    Let us not forget that since 2010 the Rockefeller Foundation has predicted four scenarios for these years. One of these was the pandemic Lockstep. Roadmaps have been studied for all of these scenarios, and it is disturbing to see how the one relating to the pandemic has essentially turned out as expected.
    The thousand fires started around the world in recent days, providing the mainstream media the pretext to shout about the climate emergency in the name of which they are already warning us that we have to prepare for new lockdowns and new forms of limitation of our freedoms and of our rights.
    But then there will be a global cyber attack on the economic crisis, which have already been studied and planned out and whose first sign we can observe.
    All of these strategies have the attack on the individual as their objective, have isolated an attack in his emotionality and his daily rhythms and his work, and also attack the masses in an undifferentiated and anonymous way.
    Those who dissent, that is, those who do not accept this turn into guinea pigs and seeing the world population decimated by the transforming it into a mass of chronically ill must understand that disobedience is just as necessary as it was in the time of other dictatorships of the last century.
    And even more so, it is disconcerting that after having built the rhetoric of the past World War II era on the anti-Nazism, no one seems to recognize that the same discrimination that made concentration camps possible is now arising again in a more ruthless form.
    One wonders whether the totalitarian regimes of the twentieth century did not constitute a preparatory experiment for what is happening today starting with the State of Israel.

  13. #1989
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    Re: Coronavirus

    NAC

    N-Acetylcysteine, a Forgotten Immune-Modulating Agent

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649937/

    N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of the antioxidant glutathione, has been used to loosen thick mucus in the lungs and treat acetaminophen overdose for decades. However, NAC can also boost the immune system, suppress viral replication, and reduce inflammation. Despite these valuable features, NAC has been mostly overlooked throughout SARS-Cov and MERS-Cov epidemics, as well as the current COVID-19 pandemic.

    In 1997, De Flora et al demonstrated that oral administration of NAC (600mg, bid) significantly improved cell-mediated immunity, shifting from anergy to normoergy in seniors (Figure 1A).21 Anergy represents a lack of reaction from immune cells to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. Unsurprisingly, NAC treatment significantly decreased the frequency of influenza, as well as the severity and duration of most symptoms (Figure 1B). Although the infection rates of influenza virus (H1N1 Singapore 6/86) were similar in the two groups, only 25% of virus-infected subjects in NAC group developed flu symptoms, contrasting with 79% of the subjects in the placebo group. As a result, NAC may improve compromised cellular immunity and prevent development of certain respiratory virus-caused diseases, thus raising the question: Can NAC administration benefit COVID-19 patients?

    (A) Effect of NAC treatment on cell-mediated immunity. Left: Placebo group; Right: NAC-treated group. *p <0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001, significance of difference in the frequency of anergy, within the NAC group, after 1, 3 and 6 months, compared to the start of the study (time 0); #p<0.05, significance of difference in the frequency of anergy between the NAC group and the placebo group. (B) Effect of NAC treatment on the cumulative occurrence of individual influenza-like signs and symptoms. *p<0.05; +p<0.0001, significance of difference between the frequency of symptoms in the NAC group and the placebo group. Reproduced with permission from De Flora S, Grassi C, Carati L. Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment. European Respiratory Journal. 1997;10: 1535–1541.21

    NAC Offers the Following Key Features to Combat COVID-19

    Anti-Virus Functions of NAC
    RNA viruses need active NF-κB pathway support within host cells in order to replicate. For human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E), suppression of NF-κB significantly reduced the replication rate.22 Therefore, drugs that inhibit NF-κB activation could potentially reduce viral replication.

    NAC has been demonstrated to inhibit NF-κB, as well as the replication of human influenza viruses (H5N1, Vietnam/VN1203 strain) in human lung epithelial cells in a dose dependent manner (5 to 15 mM) (Figure 2). NAC also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, CXCL10, CCL5 and IL-6), thus reducing chemotactic migration of monocytes.23 In addition, NAC has also been showed to inhibit replication of other viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)24 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).25 This means that, theoretically, NAC has the potential to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 as well because of its ability to negatively regulate NF-κB.

    Influence of NAC on H5N1 virus replication in A549 cells. A549 cells were infected with A/Vietnam/1203/04 (VN1203) at a MOI of 0.01. NAC treatment (0 mM NAC: dark grey bars, 5 mM NAC: middle grey bars, 10 mM NAC: light grey bars, 15 mM NAC: white bars) was performed continuously starting 24 h prior to infection. H5N1 titres were determined 12, 24 and 48 h post-infection. *p<0.05 relative to untreated virus control. Reprinted from Biochemical Pharmacology, 79, Geiler J, Michaelis M, Naczk P, et al. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibits virus replication and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in A549 cells infected with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus. 413–420, Copyright (2010), with permission from Elsevier.23

    NAC Could Also Be a Direct Inhibitor of SARS-Cov-2
    In SARS-Cov-2, main protease (Mpro) is required for viral replication. As a result, many researchers have sought to develop inhibitors specifically targeting Mpro. Zhang et al provided the crystal structure of Mpro and designed the small compound 13b, which can efficiently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells.26 However, it will likely take years for this promising Mpro inhibitor to advance to clinical application. Guthappa suggested that NAC may bind to Cys-145, an active site of Mpro, which could potentially inhibit its protease activity and then inhibit viral replication.27 Thus, NAC could serve as a first-line drug specifically for SARS-Cov-2 due to its structural characteristics.

    Immune-Modulating Properties of NAC
    It has been demonstrated that NAC can change the redox balance towards reduced status inside neutrophils by replenishing reduced glutathione (GSH), which suppresses NF-κB activation at concentrations of 10mM or more, resulting in modulation of cytokine production and chemotactic signals.28 Moreover, neutrophils from healthy volunteers taking NAC (600 mg daily) for 14 days showed lower rates of oxidative burst and chemotaxis. NAC also suppressed elastase release from neutrophils induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in a dose dependent manner, as the elastase was completely abolished by 10mM NAC (Figure 3). Monocyte chemotaxis can also be inhibited by clinically accessible concentrations of NAC.29 When it comes to considering even higher doses of NAC, another study showed that oral administration of 1200 mg of NAC significantly reduced oxidative bursts from neutrophils induced by the stimulants C. albicans, fMLP, and PMA. Interestingly, NAC did not compromise other functions of neutrophils, such as phagocytosis and bacterial killing.30 Collectively this data supports the notion that 1200 mg of oral NAC can effectively reduce ROS production without compromising phagocytosis of SARS-Cov-2 in neutrophils.

    The effect of 30 min incubation of neutrophils with different NAC concentrations on the fMLP (10−7 M induced release of elastase by neutrophils in vitro. *p<0.05 when compared to the preincubation without NAC. Reprinted from Pharmacological Research, 53, Sadowskaa AM, Manuel-y-Keenoy B, Vertongen T, et al. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on neutrophil activation markers in healthy volunteers: In vivo and in vitro study. 216–225, Copyright (2006), with permission from Elsevier.28

    In severe COVID-19 patients, a SARS-cov-2 infection frequently causes lymphopenia, especially for T cells.31 NAC can increase intracellular GSH in human T cells and block apoptosis induced by pro-apoptosis Fas antigen/Fas ligand lethal signal32 that is upregulated during virus infections, such as HIV, HCV and influenza. Lai et al demonstrated that 2400 mg of oral NAC (1200 mg, bid) quickly increased glutathione levels in lymphocytes during a chronic inflammatory disease, which was not achieved by a low-dose NAC (600 mg, bid).33 We therefore expect that high-dose oral NAC (1200 mg, bid) can improve adaptive immunity by elevating glutathione levels in lymphocytes, in addition to modulating neutrophil functions during COVID-19 development.

    NAC Can Reduce the Incidence of Pneumonia
    Given that oral NAC (600mg, bid) significantly decreased the frequency and severity of influenza, oral NAC may reduce the incidence of pneumonia as well. One study has demonstrated that about 37% of mechanically ventilated patients develop pneumonia, namely, ventilator-associated-pneumonia (VAP) in an intensive care unit. NAC (600 mg, bid) treated patients developed significantly less clinically confirmed pneumonia compared with placebo group patients (26.6% VS 46.6%).34 Another study showed that oral (600mg, bid) NAC significantly reduced the levels of TNF and malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly improved oxidative stress.35 Modulation of the inflammatory process with antioxidants may have a mitigating effect in the development of pneumonia, potentially improving outcomes if high doses of NAC (1200mg, bid) are utilized.

    Improve Lung Function to Reduce Mortality Rate by Intravenous NAC
    Virus induced “Cytokine storm” has been closely linked with the mortality in COVID-19 patients.36 In addition to secreting cytokines, neutrophils also produce ROS radicals. ROS are chemically reactive oxygen-containing species, such as superoxide, peroxides, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen and alpha-oxygen, etc. Superoxide anion radicals (O2−) can cause injury directly and can be converted into more damaging oxidant species such as hydroxyl radical (OH−) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl).37 Of the two, OH− has been demonstrated as the key reactive oxygen species to cause pulmonary edema during acute lung injury.38 Hypoxemia secondary to Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary edema may occur during COVID-19 infection.39 Besides causing tissue injury, ROS can also activate the NF-kB pathway to amplify inflammation through upregulation of expression of multiple genes, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and chemokines. NAC, a powerful scavenger of OH−,40 could effectively prevent cytokine storm and ROS-induced pulmonary edema and respiratory failure.

    In patients with mild-to-moderate acute lung injury, intravenous (IV) NAC treatment (40mg/kg/day) for 3 days significantly improved systemic oxygenation, reduced the need for ventilatory support and also slightly reduced the mortality rate,41 suggesting that higher concentrations of IV NAC could be administrated, potentially improving clinical outcomes.

    A case report revealed the significance of NAC treatment for a patient with septic shock from an influenza (H1N1) infection. Together with oseltamivir, intravenous infusion of NAC at 100 mg/kg/day for 3 days rapidly improved the patient’s sepsis conditions with resolution of lung infiltrates. However, the patient relapsed after cessation of the NAC infusion. Then, reinstating the infusion of NAC at the same dose rapidly improved the patient’s conditions again, until the viruses were eventually eradicated, and the patient was discharged.42 This case suggests that high concentration and enough exposure time of NAC is the key to treat virus-caused critical conditions, including pneumonia-mediated sepsis.

    Another promising study revealed that in ARDS and acute ALI patients, IV NAC at a loading dose of 150 mg/kg at the first day, followed by a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 3 days, not only improved oxygenation, but also decreased mortality rate (35.7% VS 76.9%) compared to control patients (p < 0.05).43 Although this cohort is relatively small, its results are dramatic, further suggesting that IV NAC can be used to treat severe COVID-19 and reduce mortality, given enough dosage and treating time.

    Case Reports and Clinical Trials Using NAC to Treat COVID-19 Patients
    A recent case report demonstrated that using low-dose hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and IV NAC had a positive impact on a 54-year-old male COVID-19 patient, with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Multi-system end-organ damage was diagnosed and the patient was given a low-dose oral HCQ (total 600 mg) in combination with IV NAC, at a loading dose of 75 mg/kg for 4 hours, then 35 mg/kg for 16 hours, followed by 17 mg/kg for 24 hours. The patient gradually recovered (NLR from 16.7 to 2.4) despite pulmonary embolism and short-term mechanical ventilation. He was then released from intensive care on day 7 and eventually discharged on post-admission day 12.44

    In another case report, a 64-year-old male COVID-19 patient developed respiratory failure on day 13 post-admission, despite being treated with antibiotics, antiviral and respiratory support. Together with other treatments, a large dose (10–15 g) of NAC inhalation repeated for 11 days significantly improved his critical conditions. The patient was eventually discharged after 26 days of mechanical ventilation and 46 days of hospitalization.45 Another two COVID-19 patients with dyspnea were effectively treated with oral and IV glutathione, NAC and alpha lipoic acid,46 further suggesting that remediation of oxidative stress could be a key in combating COVID-19.

    Recently, in a larger cohort study, Ibrahim et al have demonstrated that IV NAC significantly improved disease conditions in 10 severe respirator-dependent COVID-19 patients, aged from 38 to 71 years, including one with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. IV NAC administration significantly reduced inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, and also improved lung functions. Eight patients were eventually discharged, and two remaining patients showed improved conditions by the date of publication.47 This clinical practice further proves the effectiveness of NAC in COVID-19 treatment. Since NAC is a stronger antioxidant and less expensive than glutathione, the significance of NAC-mediated treatments for COVID-19 patients should be emphasized, at least as part of a multimodal approach.

    To date, there are 6 clinical trials using NAC regarding COVID-19 treatments, 4 of them (NCT04545008; NCT04419025; NCT04455243; NCT04466657) have not recruited patients yet. In the other 2 trials that are recruiting patients, one of them (NCT04370288) was designed with the combination of NAC, Methylene Blue and vitamin C, making the interpretation of NAC effect difficult. And another study (NCT04374461) is scheduled for completion date in May 2021. Without effective treatments, COVID-19 could make severe consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality. As a dietary supplement, NAC has been used increasingly worldwide. During this COVID-19 pandemic, NAC can potentially prevent development of critical pneumonia for the people sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 infections. It also provides the potential references of how to use NAC for ongoing clinical trials. In addition, NAC features and its successful application for treating COVID-19 may encourage patients to enroll into the clinical trials using NAC.

    Routes and Doses of NAC Administration

    IV Infusion of NAC
    To treat acetaminophen overdose for adults based on a FDA approved 3-bag regime, NAC (Molecular weight: 163) is administrated intravenously, initially 150 mg/kg in 200 mL of 5% dextrose for 60 minutes (first bag), followed by 50 mg/kg in 500 mL of 5% dextrose for 4 hours (second bag), and then 100 mg/kg in 1000 mL of 5% dextrose for 16 hours (third bag).48 Given that the average American male (20 years or older) weighs about 90 kg with about 7000 mL of blood, 13.5 g of NAC in 200 mL (414 mM) of 5% dextrose can be infused in one hour. Based on the calculations of two studies,49,50 the approximate NAC concentration in blood should be about 1 mM during infusion of the first bag, which is enough to neutralize the potent oxidant species, suppress oxidative burst, and substantially reduce neutrophil chemotaxis and cytokine storm.

    Oral Administration of NAC
    The gut is the largest immune organ we have,51 carrying 70% of all lymphocytes in the body. Absorbed in the small intestine, oral NAC interacts with epithelial cells and immune cells, potentially boosting our immune system to combat virus infection. One capsule of 600 mg NAC can reach a level of 16 μM NAC in the peripheral blood in half an hour after administration. Although it has been labeled as “low bioavailability” for decades, if administrated within 8–10 hours of acetaminophen overdose, oral administration of NAC displays the same capacity of detoxification as given by the IV route.52

    NAC Inhalation
    Under FDA guideline, to loosen mucus, MAYO clinic suggests inhaling 3 to 5 milliliters (mL) of a 20% solution or 6 to 10 mL of a 10% solution using a nebulizer, three or four times a day. For NAC, 10% is equivalent to 613 mM. Highly concentrated NAC can effectively reduce viral replication and significantly alleviate pneumocyte damage, as well as excessive immune responses.

    Availability and Cost of NAC

    The affordable generic NAC has been used increasingly as a dietary supplement in the US and Europe. For example, a 600 mg NAC capsule costs about 0.07–0.1 dollars on the market. The other acetylcysteine formulations are also commercially available in the US as generic and brand-name drugs, such as Mucomyst for nebulizer administration (prescription needed, 10mL of 10% NAC costs about $6 with insurance, and about $3.8 with an online coupon) and Acetadote for intravenous administration.

    The Strategy of NAC Administration

    To protect those who have not contracted SARS-Cov-2, oral NAC (600 mg, bid) could be an effective and economical measurement to modulate their immune systems against potential infection. Once onset symptoms appear, such as fever or dry cough, oral NAC (1200 mg, bid) could be taken to alleviate symptoms and accelerate recovery from virus infection.

    For relatively severe patients without airway obstructions, an inhalable formula of NAC can be used with a nebulizer. Patients with allergies or asthma should take antihistamine before or during NAC inhalation, to prevent adverse reactions. Self-treatment with oral or inhalable NAC could help many SARS-Cov-2 infected patients safely recover at home.

    Once patients develop clinically confirmed pneumonia or dyspnea, in addition to regular therapy, such as Remdesivir,53 IV NAC should be given intermittently or continuously. This could then prevent development of ARDS, which often entails invasive ventilation and intensive care unit support. For example, NAC can be infused at a dose of 100 mg/kg for at least 3 days, which equals to about 1/3 of the total dose during a 3-bag regime. There is no difference between intermittent and continuous infusion of NAC regarding patient outcomes.54

    When a patient develops ARDS, along with regular antiviral therapy, 150 mg/kg at the first day, followed by a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for at least 3 days, should be administrated to avoid irreversibly fatal multiple organ failure (MOF). Once MOF or critical sepsis occurs, patients likely will not benefit from any NAC administration.55 A brief overview of a NAC therapeutic strategy to combat COVID-19 has been summarized in Figure 4.

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    Figure 4
    A brief overview of a NAC therapeutic strategy to combat COVID-19.

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    Conclusions
    N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is inexpensive, has very low toxicity, has been FDA approved for many years, and has the potential to improve therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. NAC administered intravenously, orally, or inhaled, may suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and may improve outcomes if used timely. Potential therapeutic benefits of NAC include, extracellularly scavenging ROS radicals, replenishing intracellular GSH, suppression of cytokine storm, and T cell protection, thus mitigating inflammation and tissue injury. NAC administration in combination with other antiviral agents may dramatically reduce hospital admission rate, mechanical ventilation and mortality.
    To control the opposition, one must start the opposition. Joseph Stalin
    My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me."
    My people have perished for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I reject you from being priest for Me. Since you have forgotten the Torah of your Elohim, I also forget your children.

  14. #1990
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    Re: Coronavirus

    NAC’s Crucial Role in Preventing and Treating COVID-19
    November 10, 2020Nia Pure Nature

    N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a precursor to reduced glutathione, which appears to play a crucial role in COVID-19. According to an April 2020 literature analysis,1 glutathione deficiency may be associated with COVID-19 severity, leading the author to conclude that NAC may be useful both for its prevention and treatment.

    NAC has a long history of use as a first-aid remedy for acetaminophen poisoning. It neutralizes the toxic effects of the drug by recharging glutathione, thereby preventing liver damage. But the idea that NAC can also be helpful against viral infections is not new. Previous studies2,3 have found it reduces viral replication of certain viruses, including the influenza virus.

    In one such study,4 the number needed to treat (NNT) was 0.5, which means for every two people treated with NAC, one will be protected against symptomatic influenza. That’s significantly better than influenza vaccines, which have an NNV (number needed to vaccinate) of 71,5 meaning 71 people must be vaccinated to prevent a single case of confirmed influenza. It’s even better than vitamin D, which has an NNT of 33.6

    In the MedCram lecture above, pulmonologist Dr. Roger Seheult reviews the latest medical literature on NAC for COVID-19, starting with a paper7 published in the October 2020 issue of Clinical Immunology titled “Therapeutic Blockade of Inflammation in Severe COVID-19 Infection With Intravenous N-acetylcysteine.”

    G6PD Deficiency Worsens COVID-19 Outcomes

    Previous research8 has shown NAC inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in cells infected with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus. Proinflammatory cytokines also play a crucial role in COVID-19 severity.



    Researchers have confirmed that in severe COVID-19 cases, cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 (IL10) and TNF-ɑ are all elevated.9 Once they reach excessive levels, a so-called cytokine storm develops, causing significant tissue damage. NAC may be able to inhibit this damaging cascade.

    In the “Therapeutic Blockade of Inflammation in Severe COVID-19 Infection With Intravenous N-acetylcysteine” paper, the researchers focus on a specific group of patients, namely those with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which has been shown to facilitate human coronavirus infection due to the fact that G6PD depletes glutathione.

    G6PD deficiency10 is a genetic disorder that typically affects males and is more prevalent among Black men and those from the Mediterranean area, Africa and Asia. (Women with this genetic anomaly are carriers and can pass it on to their children but rarely display symptoms.)

    G6PD is an enzyme needed for the proper function of red blood cells. It also protects your red blood cells from free radicals in your blood by limiting oxidative stress.

    When your body doesn’t produce enough of this enzyme, hemolytic anemia — a condition in which red blood cells are broken down faster than they are made — can result due to unneutralized oxidative stress from insufficient amounts of NADPH being produced.

    As noted in “Therapeutic Blockade of Inflammation in Severe COVID-19 Infection With Intravenous N-acetylcysteine”:11

    “G6PD deficiency may especially predispose to hemolysis upon coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection when employing pro-oxidant therapy. However, glutathione depletion is reversible by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration.

    We describe a severe case of COVID-19 infection in a G6PD-deficient patient treated with hydroxychloroquine who benefited from intravenous (IV) NAC beyond reversal of hemolysis.

    NAC blocked hemolysis and elevation of liver enzymes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin and allowed removal from respirator and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenator and full recovery of the G6PD-deficient patient.”

    How G6PD Deficiency Impacts COVID-19 Disease Process

    In his lecture, Seheult goes through the nitty-gritty details of how G6PD influences the COVID-19 disease process, why a deficiency in this enzyme can worsen outcomes and how NAC supplementation short-circuits this harmful chain of events.


    In summary, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species (ROS), needs to be converted to water (H2O) as much as possible in your cells to avoid red blood cell hemolysis, i.e., the destruction of red blood cells.

    As noted by Seheult, there’s concern that the drug hydroxychloroquine may increase this process in G6PD-deficient patients, thereby increasing the risk of red blood cell hemolysis.12

    The evidence is not conclusive, however. One 2018 study13 looking at the incidence of hemolytic anemia in G6PD-deficient patients given hydroxychloroquine concluded the risk may be overblown, as “There were no reported episodes of hemolysis in more than 700 months of HCQ exposure among the 11 G6PDH-deficient patients.”

    The enzyme responsible for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water is glutathione peroxidase (GPX). GPX does two things simultaneously. While reducing hydrogen peroxide into water, it also converts the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) into glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which is the oxidized form of glutathione. In other words, as GPX turns hydrogen peroxide into harmless water, glutathione becomes oxidized.

    To recycle GSSG back to its reduced form, GSH, you need an enzyme called GSH reductase. The reducing agent needed for this to occur is NADPH. NADPH is also simultaneously converted into NADP+. To recycle NADP+ back to NADPH, you need G6PD.

    The point here is this: Patients who have G6PD deficiency will also have lower NADPH, and therefore won’t be able to reduce the GSSG (the oxidated form of glutathione) to its reduced GSH form. This in turn leads to a buildup of hydrogen peroxide, resulting in higher levels of hemolysis.

    As explained by Seheult, the two building blocks of glutathione are NAC and the amino acid glycine. Glycine is fairly abundant, whereas NAC is not, so the theory is that, if you are G6PD deficient, you may be able to bypass this detrimental spiral by supplying high levels of NAC. This will allow your body to produce its own glutathione (GSH).

    This theory is what was investigated in “Therapeutic Blockade of Inflammation in Severe COVID-19 Infection With Intravenous N-acetylcysteine,”14 and the answer is yes. When given hydroxychloroquine, the G6PD-deficient patient developed severe hemolysis, which was successfully reversed by giving intravenous NAC. In the end, the patient fully recovered

    As for the dosage, the G6PD-deficient patient was given 30,000 milligrams of intravenous NAC divided into three doses over 24 hours, after which the patient began showing immediate improvement in hemolysis indices. About a week later, IV NAC was restarted at a dose of 600 mg every 12 hours for one week.

    NAC Blocks Inflammation

    In addition to that G6PD-deficient patient, NAC was also given to nine other COVID-19 patients who were on respirators but did not have G6PD deficiency. In these patients, “NAC elicited clinical improvement and markedly reduced CRP in all patients and ferritin in 9/10 patients.” The authors hypothesize that NAC’s mechanism of action “may involve the blockade of viral infection and the ensuing cytokine storm.”15

    That said, they point out that it’s difficult to discern whether these anti-inflammatory effects were specific to the use of NAC, as steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs were sporadically used. Still, they believe NAC does have the ability to reduce inflammation in patients with COVID-19. As explained in the paper:16

    “We propose that NAC restrains the pro-inflammatory metabolic pathways that control oxidative stress and mTOR-dependent generation of cytokine storm emanating from the immune system …

    IL-6, the primary cytokine that drives inflammation in COVID-19 infected patients, elicits mitochondrial oxidative stress at complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). In turn, this leads to redox-dependent activation of mTORC1.

    Further downstream, uncontrolled activation of mTORC1 promotes inflammation. NAC inhibits oxidative stress by serving as a cell-permeable amino acid precursor of the main intracellular antioxidant, GSH.

    Acting outside the cell, NAC may break disulfide bonds within ACE2 that serves as the cellular receptor for COVID-19. NAC may also block COVID-19 binding by disrupting disulfide bind within its receptor-binding domain …

    Several anti-inflammatory medications have been shown to mitigate the cytokine storm in COVID-19 infection, such as corticosteroids, colchicine, imatinib, and complement C3 inhibitor AMY-101. However, the safety of mTOR blockade stands out based on its propensity to extend overall lifespan.

    IV NAC has long been used to safely treat patients with acetaminophen overdose, or ARDS [acute respiratory distress syndrome]. NAC was also found to reduce CRP levels in several controlled clinical trials. CRP elevation is a prominent risk factor for disease progression in patients infected with COVID-19.”

    NAC Also Protects Against Blood Clots

    Importantly, NAC may also protect against other problems associated with COVID-19, including the hypercoagulation that can result in stroke and/or blood clots17 that impair the ability to exchange oxygen in the lungs.

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    Many COVID-19 patients experience serious blood clots, and NAC counteracts hypercoagulation,18,19,20 as it has both anticoagulant and platelet-inhibiting properties.21 A 2017 paper22 also found NAC has potent thrombolytic effects, meaning it breaks down blood clots once they’ve formed.

    This is largely thanks to the sulfur in NAC (from cysteine). The sulfur reduces the intrachain disulfide bonds by von Willebrand factors that have polymerized by dissociating the sulfur bonds holding them together, thus contributing to the clot. Once von Willebrand factor sulfur bonds are broken, the clots start to dissolve and the blood vessels open up again allowing for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

    According to the authors,23 “NAC is an effective and safe alternative to currently available antithrombotic agents to restore vessel patency after arterial occlusion.” (Restoring vessel patency means the blood vessel is now unobstructed so that blood can flow freely.) Two additional papers24,25 show the same thing.

    High-dose intravenous NAC may be expected to play an adjuvant role in the treatment of severe COVID-19 cases and in the control of its lethal complications … including pulmonary and cardiovascular adverse events. ~ FASEB Journal August 11, 2020

    Importantly, NAC’s mechanism of action does not appear to increase bleeding disorders like heparin does, so it would likely be a safer alternative to the heparin used in the MATH+ protocol.

    NAC Also Improves Variety of Lung-Related Problems

    Studies have also demonstrated that NAC helps improve a variety of lung-related problems, including pneumonia and ARDS,26 both of which are common characteristics of COVID-19. For example:

    Research27 published in 2018 found NAC reduces oxidative and inflammatory damage in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

    Another 2018 study28 found NAC improves post-operative lung function in patients undergoing liver transplantation.

    A 2017 meta-analysis29 found a significant reduction in ICU stays among ARDS patients treated with NAC (although there was no significant difference in short-term mortality risk).

    A 2007 study30 concluded NAC improves ARDS by “increasing intracellular glutathione and extracellular thiol molecules” along with general antioxidant effects.

    A 1994 study31 found NAC enhances recovery from acute lung injury, significantly regressing patients’ lung injury score during the first 10 days of treatment, and significantly reducing the need for ventilation. After three days of treatment, only 17% of those receiving NAC needed ventilation, compared to 48% in the placebo group.

    NAC is also a well-known mucolytic used to help clear mucus out of the airways of cystic fibrosis patients.32 Some studies also suggest NAC can help reduce symptoms of COPD and prevent exacerbation of the condition.33

    Standard of Care for COVID-19 Should Include NAC

    Considering many COVID-19 cases involve blood clots in addition to excessive oxidative stress, and NAC effectively addresses both, I believe NAC should be included in standard of care for COVID-19. As noted in “Rationale for the Use of N-acetylcysteine in Both Prevention and Adjuvant Therapy of COVID-19,” published August 11, 2020, in the FASEB Journal:34

    “COVID-19 may cause pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular alterations, and multiple organ failure, which have been ascribed to a cytokine storm, a systemic inflammatory response, and an attack by the immune system. Moreover, an oxidative stress imbalance has been demonstrated to occur in COVID-19 patients.

    N- Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH). Due to its tolerability, this pleiotropic drug has been proposed not only as a mucolytic agent, but also as a preventive/therapeutic agent in a variety of disorders involving GSH depletion and oxidative stress …

    Thiols block the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 thereby hampering penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Based on a broad range of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms … the oral administration of NAC is likely to attenuate the risk of developing COVID-19, as it was previously demonstrated for influenza and influenza-like illnesses.

    Moreover, high-dose intravenous NAC may be expected to play an adjuvant role in the treatment of severe COVID-19 cases and in the control of its lethal complications … including pulmonary and cardiovascular adverse events.”

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    In the same vein, an even more recent paper,35 published in the October 2020 issue of Medical Hypotheses, points out that:

    “T cell exhaustion, high viral load, and high levels of TNF-ɑ, IL1β, IL6, IL10 have been associated with severe SARS-CoV-2. Cytokine and antigen overstimulation are potentially responsible for poor humoral response to the virus. Lower cellular redox status, which leads to pro-inflammatory states mediated by TNF-ɑ is also potentially implicated.

    In vivo, in vitro, and human clinical trials have demonstrated N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an effective method of improving redox status, especially when under oxidative stress.

    In human clinical trials, NAC has been used to replenish glutathione stores and increase the proliferative response of T cells. NAC has also been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (IL1β and IL18) in vitro, and decrease plasma TNF-ɑ in human clinical trials.

    Mediation of the viral load could occur through NAC’s ability to increase cellular redox status via maximizing the rate limiting step of glutathione synthesis, and thereby potentially decreasing the effects of virally induced oxidative stress and cell death.

    We hypothesize that NAC could act as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19 through a variety of potential mechanisms, including increasing glutathione, improving T cell response, and modulating inflammation.”

    FDA Cracks Down on NAC and Wants to Prevent You From Using It

    At present, 11 studies involving NAC for COVID-19 are listed on Clinicaltrials.gov.36 Ironically, just as we’re starting to realize its benefits against this pandemic virus, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is suddenly cracking down on NAC, claiming it is excluded from the definition of a dietary supplement.


    They point out that NAC was approved as a new drug in 1985,37 and therefore cannot be marketed as a supplement. This is not reflected in the supplement market, however. As reported by Natural Products Insider,38 there are at least 1,170 NAC-containing products in the National Institutes of Health’s Dietary Supplement Label Database.

    As of yet, the FDA has not taken action against NAC due to anything related to COVID-19. They’ve primarily targeted companies that market NAC as a remedy for hangovers.39 Still, members of the Council for Responsible Nutrition have expressed concern the FDA may end up targeting NAC more widely. Hopefully, the FDA will not end up blocking access to NAC supplements in the same way hydroxychloroquine access has been stifled.


    Source: http://articles.mercola.com/sites/ar...lcysteine.aspx


    Related
    NAC Banned on Amazon, Threatened by FDA
    June 17, 2021
    Potential Roles of NAC and Glutathione in COVID-19 Treatment
    May 25, 2020
    FDA Wants to Ban NAC Now That It Combats COVID-19
    September 3, 2020
    To control the opposition, one must start the opposition. Joseph Stalin
    My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me."
    My people have perished for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I reject you from being priest for Me. Since you have forgotten the Torah of your Elohim, I also forget your children.

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