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U.S. President Barack Obama.
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Unsure of Russian President
Vladimir Putin’s intentions, the Obama administration is attempting to warn the Kremlin not to test the U.S. commitment to defend its allies in eastern and central
Europe.
Jet fighters from the U.K.,
Denmark, France and
Polandwill begin flying air patrols over the Baltic states tomorrow “as part of collective defense measures,” the North Atlantic Treaty Organization said in a statement today. Canadian jets are deploying to
Romania “as part of NATO efforts to reassure allies” in Central and Eastern Europe, the alliance said.
Those measures and others, including deployments of U.S. troops for military exercises, are part of an effort to discourage any thoughts Putin may have about extending Russia’s reach beyond Ukraine.
The U.S. will defend its NATO allies “no ifs, ands or buts,” U.S. Vice President
Joe Biden said today at an Atlantic Council conference in
Washington.
Secretary of State
John Kerry said at the conference yesterday that unlike Ukraine, which isn’t a NATO member and where alliance nations have ruled out war, a move against a treaty ally would have grave consequences.
“We have to make it absolutely clear to the Kremlin that NATO territory is inviolable,” Kerry said. “We will defend every single piece of it.”
The comments by Biden and Kerry are intended to reassure nations such as
Estonia,
Latvia and
Lithuania, all former Soviet republics, and draw a red line for Russia.
Credibility IssuesThere are reasons why Putin may doubt America’s resolve. President
Barack Obama backed away from a red line when he threatened military action if
Syria used chemical weapons, then didn’t follow through. Diplomats say that’s hurt U.S. credibility internationally. Further, the crisis in Europe comes as polls show Americans want the U.S to play a reduced role overseas.
Historically, Americans have supported the defense commitment to NATO, the key alliance assembled after World War II to defend Western Europe against the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies. Under Article 5 of the 1949 North Atlantic Treaty, the U.S. and all other members would consider an armed attack on any one of them an attack on all.
Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, NATO has extended its membership to nations once dominated by the Soviet Union, including the Baltics, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and Slovenia.
Georgia, a former Soviet republic that fought a five-day war with Russia in 2008 over breakaway regions, is seeking fast-track NATO membership as a result of the Ukraine crisis.
‘Shattering NATO’The U.S. and its allies have presented NATO’s expansion as a measure to enhance European stability, while Russian leaders have considered it a threat.
Putin may have his eye on testing the U.S. and the major European powers, particularly if he gets away with actions against Ukraine, said Stephen Hadley, who was national security adviser to President
George W. Bush.
“I think this is also about shattering NATO and potentially shattering the EU, because if he were to do something in the Baltics and we did not respond, that’s the end of Article 5, that’s the end of NATO,” Hadley said, addressing the Atlantic Council, a Washington-based group that promotes trans-Atlantic relations, shortly before Biden spoke.
“Potentially this is not just about reestablishing some kind of Russian empire,” Hadley said. “It’s also quite frankly an effort to see how far he can go to disrupt NATO and perhaps even disrupt” the European Union.
‘Solemn Commitments’The former Soviet republics of Latvia and Estonia have large ethnic Russian minorities, and Russia has long complained about their treatment. The Estonians are “scared to death” that Putin will threaten them as he has the Ukrainians, Republican Senator
John McCain of
Arizona said this week.
“In response to Russian aggression, America is taking steps to make clear that our allies will honor the solemn commitments under Article 5 of the NATO treaty,” Biden said. “That is an absolute, ironclad guarantee.''
Biden invoked an ‘‘ironclad commitment’’ when he met yesterday with Latvian Prime Minister Laimdota Straujuma, according to a statement issued by the White House.
While NATO has made symbolic military deployments, it’s unclear how the defensive alliance would respond to the kind of intimidation and destabilization campaign Russia used to annex Crimea and now is waging in eastern Ukraine.
American OpinionA poll of Americans published today highlighted the public pressure on the Obama administration and Congress to limit the American role abroad. The Wall Street Journal/NBC poll found that 47 percent of respondents said the U.S. should take a less active role in world affairs, a larger share than in similar polls taken in 2001, 1997 and 1995.
Support for Obama’s handing of the Ukraine crisis dropped to 37 percent from 43 percent a month earlier, according to the poll, which has a margin of error of plus or minus 3.1 percent.
Ukraine isn’t a NATO member, and Obama and his European counterparts have made it clear that the alliance won’t be drawn into a war with Russia over it.
‘‘We in Europe are very much in agreement that a military resolution of the problems cannot happen,” German
Chancellor Angela Merkel said today in Aachen,
Germany. “It’s not on the agenda. War is no solution, and so we have to find other ways.”
Merkel is scheduled to discuss Ukraine with Obama at the White House on May 2. Her visit comes as the U.S. and Germany are advancing economic sanctions against Russian individuals and companies and are threatening broader sanctions if Russia invades Ukraine.
Air PatrolsThe U.S. today handed over responsibility for the Baltic air-defense patrols to the U.K., Denmark, France and Poland. An airborne infantry company with about 150 troops from the U.S. Army’s 173rd Airborne Brigade, based in Vicenza,
Italy, landed in Estonia on Apr. 28 for military exercises.
A total of about 600 soldiers from the brigade are deploying to Poland, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as Estonia, to train with local forces, the U.S. European Command in Stuttgart, Germany announced April 22.
Estonian Prime Minister Taavi Roivas said today his country seeks a permanent presence of NATO forces to increase deterrence.
To contact the reporter on this story: Terry Atlas in Washington at
tatlas@bloomberg.net
To contact the editors responsible for this story: John Walcott at
jwalcott9@bloomberg.net Larry Liebert